Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely utilized in plastic production process all over the world. Previous studies have shown that BPA, with its similarity to estrogen, may negatively affect living organisms. It is acknowledged that BPA distorts the activity of multiple internal systems, including the nervous, reproductive, urinary, and endocrine systems. BPA also affects the gastrointestinal tract and enteric nervous system (ENS), which is placed throughout the wall from the esophagus to the rectum. Contrary to the intestine, the influence of BPA on the ENS in the stomach is still little known. This study, performed using the double immunofluorescence method, has revealed that BPA affects the number of nervous structures in the porcine gastric wall immunoreactive to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT, a marker of cholinergic neurons), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART). The character and severity of noted alterations depended on the part of the ENS, the BPA dose, and the type of neuronal substance. Administration of BPA resulted in an increase in the number of nervous structures containing SP, GAL, and/or CART, and a decrease in the number of cholinergic neurons in all parts of the gastric wall. The number of VIP-positive nervous structures increased in the enteric myenteric ganglia, along with the muscular and mucosal layers, whilst it decreased in the submucous ganglia. The exact mechanism of noted changes was not absolutely obvious, but they were probably related to the neuroprotective and adaptive processes constituting the response to the impact of BPA.
The Little Book of Arctic Animals – Bushel & Peck Books
Animals and Their Babies Worksheet - Free Printable, Digital, & PDF
Free Materials for Animal Charities and Sanctuaries
Wildlife warning signs installed to limit animal deaths in Cape
Animals, Free Full-Text
Animals, Free Full-Text, rule 63 ao3
Animal Invaders: Informational Text
Animals, Free Full-Text, long dong tigers
Animals, Free Full-Text, marjanovic mao
Evans Syndrome In Dogs Survival Rate Deals
Animal Farm: A Tale of Management Principles and Power Dynamics
Do you want to teach your child that kindness matters? We’re All Animals is a fun story series that teaches tolerance, humility, and compassion. With
We're All Animals Box Set + FREE Lesson Guide
Free the Animals 30th Anniversary Edition—Order It Now
Animals, Free Full-Text
Wild Animal Flashcards With Words use online or free PDF download Includes: elephant, lion, giraffe, tiger, zebra, monkey, kangaroo, rhino, hippo, bear, panda, alligator, snake, wolf, frog, fox, frog, gorilla, koala, and